Boko haram insurgency onset has largely emphasized economic. This research analyzed the causes and effects of boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria. Most deaths due to conflict particularly for children are not from direct causes such as warrelated trauma, but are attributable to the conditions. Academic writeups in journals, magazines, newspapers, periodicals, reading manuals as well as internet based information provided. Analysis of cause and effect of boko haram insurgency in. Even before the boko haram insurgency, northeastern nigeria had the lowest. Causes, effects and solution to bokoharam and kidnapping in. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency. Jonathan who said that the root cause of boko haram was the rocking of. Visualization of common trends from 1990 through 20 showed that wasting is plausibly linked to the insurgency, thus justifying the use of a doubledifference methodology. These set of militant during the cause of prosecuting their objective have destroyed properties worth billions of naira.
Nigerias boko haram group explained in 60 seconds bbc. It is often argued that the causes of the boko haram grievances cannot easily be identified. The consequences of its violent activities of wanton destruction of lives and property, suicide bombings, assassinations and the palpable fear and suspicion it generates among. Pdf over the past five years, a wide ambit of narratives has been proffered on the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria, particularly, its causes. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in nigeria the boko haram fundamentalist islamic group is the first insurgent organization in nigeria to be classified as a terrorist organization by the united states of america and its allies. Nigerias boko haram group explained in 60 seconds bbc news. Boko harams sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives.
Boko haram insurgency has caused the death and displacement of thousands of nigerians. But it is sad to know that these same beauty also has an ugly role to play in the present and past insurgencies that has devastated lots of nigerians over the years. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. The sect claims responsibility for several bombings and snip activities in the northern and central nigeria, thereby placing the nation at the threshold of disintegration this paper describes briefly how the terrorists use murder, kidnapping. What is the cause of boko haram insurgency in nigeria. In recommendation, government supposed to formulate a policy towards the solution. Boko haram is winning so far in nigeria nigeria has ever faced series of security threatening challenges, but boko haram is the most powerful sect so far. Public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and objectives of. A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. Psychological consequences of the boko haram insurgency for. Boko haram s sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives. Apr 21, 2014 boko haram bh is predominant in the north eastern part of nigeria in states like borno, yobe and adamawa.
D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Sani identifies factors responsible for boko haram. In conclusion, one can see how the threat and worst boko haram is on nigerian national development. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. They have in the last half a decade or so, become the most dangerous insurgent group. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty. Secretary of state john kerry explained the growth of boko haram by observing that, much of this challenge comes out of this poverty where young people are grabbed at an early.
The boko haram insurgency poses a severe threat to national security and socioeconomic life in present day nigeria. Sani identifies factors responsible for boko haram insurgency. Addressing the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria requires policymakers to look beyond western security templates of islamic terrorism to grasp the underlying causes of what is primarily a nigerian conflict. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. The boko haram insurgency started in 2002 as a domestic islamic religious group in maiduguri, borno state, in northern nigeria. The root cause of boko haram and other insurgent groups in. Boko haram emerged from the northern nigeria state of borno. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in. The governments response to boko haram has largely focused on the need to stamp out the insurgency through strong military response and heightened. The word boko haram means western education is forbidden. According to liolio 20, the successful recruitment of the people into the group.
Boko haram sect, islamic fundamentalism, national insecurity challenges and secularity of the nigerian state. The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria. Conclusion the study has examined the effect of the boko haram insurgency in borno state, the results of the study establish that the factors that cause people to become street beggars and the phenomenon of begging are diverse and multifaceted. The boko haram insurgency in nigeria poses major security threats to the lives and property of the citizens, consequently affecting the socioeconomic development of the nation. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and. Rights activist and senator representing kaduna central senatorial district, comrade shehu sani, yesterday, identified factors responsible for the boko haram insurgency, especially in.
Political elites and the rise of the boko haram insurgency in nigeria. This study adopts poverty theory to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. Using historical research to draw attention to the boko haram insurgency and its. The fifth section considers international collaborations against boko haram while conclusion and recommendations are found in the last section. Some reports link the insurgency with earlier iter ations of islamist groups that opposed the nigerian state but lacked the. Pdf it is almost three years ago that a group of northern nigerian militants that. Since about the year 2009, boko haram, a territorial terrorist organization, has wreaked havoc on communities in northeast nigeria and beyond. There have been widespread assumptions across the globe that the root cause of boko haram terrorism in nigeria is religious rather than socioeconomic.
Section four discusses nigerian government attempts at combating terrorism and insurgency. Psychological consequences of the boko haram insurgency. Jun 02, 2014 in recent weeks, this debate has turned to the brutal extremist group known as boko haram, based in the northeastern nigerian state of borno. Nigerias militant islamist group boko haram is fighting to overthrow the government and create an islamic state. Preboko haram insurgency in borno from a historical perspective, imam 1974 noted that in the 1890s, kukawa, the rome for the kanuri then capital of borno state, which collapsed to form what is known today as maiduguri, where the present day headquarters of the boko haram sect is located, experienced serious. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. Boko haram emerged around 2002 as a local islamic group. Emergence of boko haram, causes, impacts of boko haram 1. Boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the vicious. Shettima insists boko haram is not holding any territory.
Democratic party to boko haram, casts the nigerian political party the all progressives congress as an islamist organiza tion, and accuses emir of kano muhammadu sanusi ii a target of boko haram of supporting the sect. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. The effects of social media on boko haram insurgency essay 3548 words 15 pages. The third section focuses on causes of terrorism and insurgency. The end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko haram. Pdf public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and. Using two demographic and health surveys from before and after the boko haram insurgency started, a doubledifference differenceindifference. The effect of boko haram insurgency in borno state.
The insurgent group clearly opposed the nigerian government and western influence in the northern part of nigeria as it sought to introduce sharia law. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to examine the psychological consequences of the boko haram insurgency based on the lived. Finally, the findings of the study reveal that counselling can be used to minimize the causes and effects of boko haram terrorism and insurgency among learners in institutions of learning. Boko haram and national security challenges in nigeria. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria on. The group has caused havoc in africas most populous country through a campaign of. The boko haram insurgency first appeared in maiduguri in borno state, northeast nigeria around 2002. The effects of boko haram insurgency and the school system. He further attributed the causes of the boko haram insurgency to ethnicity, povertyinequality, crises of the state. This policy brief examines the four explanatory factors behind the insurgency.
Boko haram bh is predominant in the north eastern part of nigeria in states like borno, yobe and adamawa. He further attributed the causes of the boko haram insurgency to ethnicity, povertyinequality, crises of the state, political culture and institution, and foreign influences. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria on childhood wasting. Shitteima, kashim is the governor of borno state, nigeria. Boko haram insurgency, political violence, corruption, nepotism, tribalism, indiscipline, abduction and kidnappings, armed robbery, murder and extortion, bombings of places of worship and innocent nigerians are all the indicators of a failing state.
Oct 19, 2015 rights activist and senator representing kaduna central senatorial district, comrade shehu sani, yesterday, identified factors responsible for the boko haram insurgency, especially in north. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. In recent weeks, this debate has turned to the brutal extremist group known as boko haram, based in the northeastern nigerian state of borno. Significant debate has ensued about the reasons for the boko haram insurgency and their objectives. However the group members call themselves jamaah alahlu alsunnah li aldawah wa aljihad. The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast. The paper tries to evaluate the insurgency, its origins, growth, activities and consequences, and tries to find solutions to the insurgency and makes some recommendations on how the nigerian government could tackle the violence that has left many dead and displaced, and several others in captivity. Since 2009, the boko haram insurgency along with military operations conducted by the government of nigeria have had a devastating impact on the northeast region of nigeria and specifically the states of borno, adamawa, yobe, bauchi, gombe and taraba. This research examines the relationship between violent conflict and childhood wasting in northeast nigeria, where residents have been subjected to fighting between the nigerian government and boko haram an extremist islamist movement since 2009. Causes, effects and solution to bokoharam and kidnapping. Like most insurgent groups, the boko haram sect resorted to the. Abstract the recent upheaval in nigerian polity has thrown many citizens into fear of insecurity and even the continuous existence of the country as one single entity is in doubt. Causes, origin and effects dedication i dedicate this to my father, mr gabriel chukwuemeka eze acknowledgement.
Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political alienation. Demonstrated by the last decade of conflict, the next adversary the u. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges. The groups objective was to establish an islamic state and institutionalize sharia law in nigeria, particularly the northeast region. More generally, and more ominously, chief justice musdapher maintained.
Studies have examined the causes and impacts of terrorism in nigeria. In 2019, the conflict in northeastern nigeria entered its eleventh year. Boko haram boko haram, officially jamaatu ahlis sunna liddaawati waljihad can be translated as people committed to the propagation of the prophets teachings and jihad is a religious sect operating in mostly northeastern regions of nigeria, with recent significant. Many citizens as well as non citizens are already victims of the. Boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the vicious cycle of internal insecurity. Since 2009, the boko haram insurgency and the governments military response have killed tens of thousands of civilians and displaced millions across the lake chad region, which straddles cameroon, chad, niger, and nigeria. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigerias muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. Academic writeups in journals, magazines, newspapers, periodicals, reading manuals as well as internet based information provided the data utilized in this research. Boko haram activities in the northeast of nigeria have created a. Jun 25, 20 boko haram is winning so far in nigeria nigeria has ever faced series of security threatening challenges, but boko haram is the most powerful sect so far.
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